Jati Harmoko11. BY
a. “BY” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Used Especially with a Passive Verb, to Show The Person or Thing that Performs an Action or Causes a Result”
Contoh :
- I was attacked by (oleh) a dog
- The building was designed by (oleh) a famous architect
b. “BY” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Passing Through or Along”
Contoh :
- The came by (lewat) the back door
- It’s quicker if you go by (lewat) the main road
c. “BY” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Through The Use or Means of”
Contoh :
- To travel by (naik) car
- Send it by (melalui) air mail
d. “BY” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Near; Beside”
Contoh :
- Standing by (dekat/di samping) the window
- Sit by (di samping) me
e. “BY” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Past”
Contoh :
- He walked by (melewati) me without noticing me
f. “BY” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Not Later Than; Before”
Contoh :
- Be here by (menjelang/sebelum) four o’clock
- Will you finish it by (menjelang) tomorrow?
g. “BY” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Used to Show the Name of the Person who Wrote a Book, Directed a Film, Made a Work of Art Etc”
Contoh :
- A play by (karya/karangan) Shakespeare
h. “BY” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “To the Amount or Degree of”
Contoh :
- The price of oil fell by (sampai) $2 per barrel
i. “BY” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “In Accordance With”
Contoh :
- To play by (sesuai dengan) the rules
j. “BY” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “In Expressions of Strong Feeling and Solemn Promises)
Contoh :
- By (demi) God he’s done it!
12. WITH
a. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “In the Presence or Company of; Near; Beside; or Among
Contoh :
- I’m staying with (bersama) a friend
- Leave your dog with (bersama) me
b. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Having or Possessing”
Contoh :
- A book with (yang sampulnya) a green cover
- A well-known bank with (yang memiliki) over 200 branches
c. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Shows Separation”
Contoh :
- She doesn’t want to part with (pisah dengan) the money
d. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Showing A Quality”
Contoh :
- They fought with (dengan) courage
- I read your letter with (dengan) great interest
e. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “In Spite of”
Contoh :
- With (meskipun) all his faults. I still like him
f. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Shows the Idea of Filling, Covering, or Containing”
Contoh :
- It was covered with (dipenuhi dengan) dirt
g. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Including”
Contoh :
- With (termasuk) a tip, the meal cost $20 for two
h. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “By Means of; Using”
Contoh :
- You eat it with (dengan) a spoon
- Cut it with (dengan) the scissors
i. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Because of or Considering The Fact of”
Contoh :
- They were trembling with (karena) fear
- The grass was wet with (setelah ada) a rain
j. Be with me/you informal to understand what someone is saying
Contoh :
- Sorry, I’m not with (tidak mengerti) you. You are going too fast. Can you say that again?
k. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Used Expressing Wishes or Commands Strongly”
Contoh :
- Off with you! (Enyahlah!)
- Off with the coat! (Tanggalkan jasmu!)
l. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “In The Same Direction As”
Contoh :
- We sailed with (searah) the wind
m. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Concerning: in regard to or in the Case of”
Contoh :
- Be careful with (dengan) that glass
- Be gentle with the baby
n. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “In Support; in Favour of”
Contoh :
- Some opposition leaders voted with (mendukung) the goverment
- Yu’re either with (mendukung) me or againts (menentang) me
o. “WITH” digunakan untuk menunjukkan “Against”
Contoh :
- Stop fighting with (melawan) your brother
- Have a race with (melawan) me
